Mobile Carriers & MVNOs in Tokyo: 2025 Guide for Residents

Staying connected is one of the first things you’ll need to sort out when moving to Tokyo. Japan has one of the most advanced telecommunications infrastructures in the world, offering lightning-fast mobile internet, wide coverage, and a range of affordable plans. However, the choices between major mobile carriers and MVNOs (Mobile Virtual Network Operators) can be confusing, especially for newcomers. This guide explains everything you need to know about mobile carriers, MVNOs, contract types, and how to choose the best plan for your stay in Tokyo.

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Major Mobile Carriers in Japan

Japan’s mobile industry is dominated by three major carriers: NTT Docomo, SoftBank, and au by KDDI. Each provides extensive nationwide coverage, high data speeds, and services in English at certain locations.

NTT Docomo

NTT Docomo is Japan’s largest and oldest mobile carrier, offering the widest coverage, especially in rural and mountainous areas. It’s known for its reliability, stable 5G service, and superior customer support. Docomo’s postpaid plans can be more expensive than others, but many long-term residents prefer it for its stability and convenience.

Pros:

• Excellent coverage and reliability

• High-speed 5G network

• English support available at select stores

Cons:

• Higher monthly cost compared to MVNOs

• Longer contracts, often requiring residence status verification

SoftBank

SoftBank is another major carrier popular among urban users and iPhone users in particular. Its service is strong in Tokyo and other major cities, and it’s known for offering attractive bundles (e.g., with broadband or home internet).

Pros:

• Great urban coverage and speed

• Bundle discounts (mobile + internet)

• English-speaking staff at flagship stores

Cons:

• Expensive data-heavy plans

• Can have weaker coverage in rural areas

au by KDDI

au provides a balance between Docomo’s rural coverage and SoftBank’s city-focused plans. Their 5G service is strong, and their customer support system is efficient. Au also offers special rates for families and multi-device users.

Pros:

• Balanced network quality nationwide

• Family and student discounts

• Flexible data-sharing options

Cons:

• English support is limited in smaller stores

• Some contracts can be difficult to cancel early

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What Are MVNOs?

MVNOs, or Mobile Virtual Network Operators, rent bandwidth from major carriers (Docomo, SoftBank, or au) and sell it under their own brand at a lower price. These services are ideal for budget-conscious users or short-term residents who don’t need heavy data usage.

MVNOs typically offer SIM-only plans, which means you can bring your own unlocked phone. They’re available in convenience stores, online, or even at airports.

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Popular MVNO Providers in Japan

Rakuten Mobile

Rakuten Mobile is technically both a major carrier and an MVNO, as it operates its own network while relying on roaming agreements with others. It offers unlimited data within Rakuten’s coverage area and competitive rates for light users.

Pros:

• Free roaming between networks

• Affordable unlimited data

• Easy sign-up online

Cons:

• Coverage outside urban areas can be inconsistent

UQ Mobile (by KDDI)

UQ Mobile uses au’s network, providing strong service quality at a reduced price. It’s known for stable speeds and user-friendly mobile apps.

Pros:

• Reliable network performance

• Transparent pricing

• Optional short-term plans

Cons:

• Limited English support

• May throttle speeds after exceeding data limit

Y!mobile (by SoftBank)

Y!mobile is a subsidiary of SoftBank and a top pick for foreigners who want quality coverage without paying premium prices. It offers reasonable data allowances and free domestic calls for the first few minutes.

Pros:

• Solid SoftBank network

• Affordable plans with calls included

• English support at major stores

Cons:

• Slightly higher price than smaller MVNOs

IIJmio

IIJmio is popular among tech-savvy users who value flexibility. It offers multi-SIM plans, data-sharing, and easy plan modification online.

Pros:

• Multiple network options (Docomo or au)

• Data sharing and rollover features

• Great online management system

Cons:

• Setup process may be confusing for beginners

LINEMO

LINEMO is an online-only brand powered by SoftBank, targeting digital-native users. Plans include unlimited use of the LINE messaging app without data consumption.

Pros:

• Affordable, simple pricing

• No data charge for LINE app use

• No need to visit physical stores

Cons:

• No in-person customer service

• Must apply and manage entirely online

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Contract Types and Payment Methods

Mobile contracts in Japan can be postpaid or prepaid.

Postpaid Contracts

Postpaid plans are the standard for long-term residents. They usually require:

• Residence card (在留カード)

• Passport

• Japanese address

• Bank account or credit card

You’ll receive a monthly bill based on your chosen plan. Some carriers allow auto-payment via credit card, while others may require Japanese bank accounts.

Prepaid SIM Cards

Prepaid SIMs are popular among short-term residents or visitors. You can buy them at airports, convenience stores, or electronics retailers like Bic Camera and Yodobashi Camera. They usually offer data-only or limited call functionality.

Pros:

• No contract or cancellation fees

• Ideal for tourists and temporary residents

Cons:

• Higher cost per GB

• Limited call or SMS features

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Switching Between Carriers

Thanks to Japan’s Mobile Number Portability (MNP) system, you can keep your phone number when changing carriers. To switch, you’ll need an MNP reservation code from your current carrier.

Steps:

1. Request an MNP code via app, website, or store.

2. Apply for a new plan with your preferred carrier or MVNO.

3. Input your MNP code during the sign-up process.

4. Activate your new SIM and insert it into your phone.

The process typically takes less than one day, and some MVNOs even handle it entirely online.

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Network Coverage and Speed

In Tokyo, coverage differences between major carriers are minimal. All offer robust 5G networks in central areas and 4G coverage throughout the city. However, if you frequently travel to rural parts of Japan, Docomo tends to offer the most consistent service.

MVNOs, while cost-effective, may experience slower speeds during peak hours (especially lunchtime and evenings) since they rent bandwidth from the main networks.

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Data Usage Tips for Residents

• Use Wi-Fi at home, cafés, or public spots to minimize mobile data.

• Monitor usage with carrier apps to avoid throttling.

• Consider data rollover plans offered by IIJmio, UQ Mobile, or LINEMO.

• Combine with home internet to qualify for bundle discounts with major carriers.

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Best Options by User Type

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Conclusion

Choosing between a major carrier and an MVNO in Tokyo depends on your lifestyle, budget, and contract flexibility needs. If you’re staying long-term and value reliability, Docomo, au, or SoftBank will serve you well. For those seeking affordability and freedom from contracts, MVNOs like UQ Mobile, LINEMO, and IIJmio are excellent alternatives.

Tokyo’s mobile infrastructure ensures that no matter which you choose, you’ll enjoy fast data speeds and stable connectivity—an essential foundation for daily life in Japan’s bustling capital.

What is the difference between a major mobile carrier and an MVNO in Japan?

Major carriers (NTT Docomo, au by KDDI, and SoftBank) own and operate nationwide networks, offering the broadest coverage, highest peak speeds, and robust in-store support. MVNOs (Mobile Virtual Network Operators) lease capacity from those networks and resell it as lower-cost plans, typically managed online. In practice, carriers cost more but offer guaranteed performance and wider service menus, while MVNOs deliver strong value if you are comfortable with lighter support and potential congestion at peak times.

Who should choose a major carrier, and who should choose an MVNO?

Choose a major carrier if you rely on consistent 5G performance, want in-person assistance, plan to bundle home internet, or frequently travel beyond metropolitan areas. Choose an MVNO if you want the lowest monthly cost, are fine with online self-service, mainly use data in cities, or expect light to moderate usage with Wi-Fi at home or work.

What documents do foreigners need to sign up?

For postpaid plans, most providers ask for a passport, a residence card, a local address, and a valid payment method (Japanese bank account or credit/debit card; some accept international cards). Prepaid data SIMs for short stays usually require only a passport. Requirements can differ by provider and plan type, so confirm at checkout before you apply.

Can I keep my current phone number when switching providers?

Yes. Japan supports Mobile Number Portability (MNP). You request an MNP reservation number from your current provider, sign up with the new provider, and enter that code during activation. Your number transfers when the new SIM or eSIM is activated. Porting typically completes the same day during business hours.

Do providers support eSIM, and is it better than a physical SIM?

Many carriers and MVNOs support eSIM for compatible phones. eSIM activates faster, avoids waiting for delivery, and makes switching easier. A physical SIM may be preferable if your device lacks eSIM or you want a removable option for travel. Functionally, service quality is the same once activated.

Will my unlocked phone work in Japan?

Most recent unlocked iPhone and Android models work on Japanese 4G/5G bands. Ensure your device is carrier-unlocked, supports VoLTE, and includes relevant LTE/5G bands. Very old or region-specific models might miss key bands, which can reduce coverage or call quality.

How fast is mobile data in Tokyo with MVNOs vs major carriers?

In central Tokyo, both offer strong everyday speeds. However, MVNOs may slow during lunchtime and evening rush hours because they rent capacity; major carriers are less affected. If you need reliably high throughput for video calls or large uploads at peak times, a major carrier is safer.

What plan sizes and features should residents consider?

Match data to your lifestyle: under 5 GB if you rely on Wi-Fi, 10–20 GB for typical commuting and maps/media, and 30 GB+ or “unlimited” tiers for heavy streaming or tethering. Useful features include data rollover, hotspot/tethering, international calling options, and app-based usage tracking.

Are “unlimited” plans truly unlimited?

Unlimited plans often include fair-use policies. Many throttle speeds after a threshold or prioritize traffic differently during congestion. Read the plan details for any caps, speed limits after certain usage, or hotspot restrictions.

How do I pay my monthly bill?

Most providers accept credit cards; some also support bank account transfers (autogiro). A few MVNOs allow convenience-store payments or prepaid balances. If you don’t yet have a local bank account, consider a provider that accepts international credit cards or choose a prepaid plan initially.

Can I get a short-term or no-contract plan?

Yes. Many MVNOs offer month-to-month contracts with no long commitment. Prepaid data SIMs are also widely available for stays from a few days to a few months. Major carriers increasingly provide contract-free options, though early cancellation fees can still apply to certain promotions or device installment plans.

How do cancellation and early termination work?

If your plan is month-to-month, you can usually cancel before the next billing cycle. Some device financing or discounted bundles may carry remaining balance obligations. Always check the cancellation cutoff, SIM return requirements (if any), and whether phone installments continue after service ends.

Do plans include voice minutes and SMS?

Voice and SMS terms vary. MVNOs often sell data-first plans with optional add-ons for domestic calling (e.g., unlimited calls under 10 minutes) and standard SMS fees. Major carriers bundle more minutes or offer flat-rate calling add-ons. If you rely on apps like LINE or WhatsApp, you may need fewer traditional voice minutes.

Is Wi-Fi calling (VoWiFi) and VoLTE available?

Most modern devices on major networks support VoLTE. Wi-Fi calling is available on many carriers and some MVNOs, but device compatibility and brand restrictions can apply. If you live in a concrete building or basement, enabling VoWiFi can improve indoor call reliability.

How does international roaming work?

Major carriers offer day-pass roaming packages; costs vary by region. Some MVNOs provide limited roaming or none at all. If you travel often, compare international options or consider buying a local eSIM at your destination for lower rates.

What about using my phone as a hotspot?

Most plans allow tethering at no extra charge, but some “unlimited” tiers cap hotspot data or throttle after a threshold. Heavy hotspot users should check fine print for daily or monthly limits.

How quickly can I get connected after arrival?

Prepaid SIMs purchased at airports or electronics stores activate within minutes. eSIM from online MVNOs can be provisioned the same day. Postpaid carrier contracts may take longer due to identity checks and account setup, but many complete within an hour at a store.

What if I don’t speak Japanese?

Flagship carrier stores in central districts often have English support, and several MVNOs provide English websites or chat. If language is a concern, choose providers noted for English documentation and app interfaces, or bring required documents and rely on translation apps at the counter.

Will I need a Japanese phone number for daily life?

A local number helps with deliveries, bank registration, and two-factor authentication. While many services accept email or app-based verification, having a domestic number reduces friction, especially for government or utility paperwork.

How do family or multi-line discounts work?

Major carriers and their budget sub-brands often discount additional lines or allow shared data pools. Some MVNOs also support data sharing across multiple SIMs, which is cost-effective for couples or roommates. Verify eligibility, maximum lines, and whether all lines must share an address or payer.

What’s the difference between data-only, data+SMS, and voice SIMs?

Data-only SIMs are cheapest and work for internet and app calling; they usually cannot receive traditional SMS or voice calls. Data+SMS adds messaging for services that require SMS verification. Voice SIMs support full calling and SMS. Choose the minimum tier needed to avoid overpaying.

How do I set APN or activate service?

Most providers send step-by-step APN instructions. eSIM profiles typically auto-configure. If data doesn’t work after activation, confirm mobile data is on, the APN matches the provider’s guide, VoLTE is enabled, and roaming is off (unless directed). Restarting the phone often resolves initial glitches.

What coverage should I expect outside Tokyo?

All three major carriers provide extensive national coverage, but performance varies by terrain. If you frequently visit rural or coastal areas, a major carrier plan is safer. MVNOs will follow their host network’s footprint but may experience lower priority during congestion.

Can I bundle mobile with home internet for discounts?

Yes. Major carriers commonly offer monthly discounts when you also subscribe to their fiber or fixed wireless services. If you plan to install home internet, check which mobile brands provide bundle savings and whether the discount applies to all household lines.

How do spam calls and privacy work?

Japan experiences relatively low spam call volume compared with some countries, but it exists. Most carriers provide call-blocking or filtering features. You can also use device-level filters. Review your provider’s privacy policy for how usage and location data are handled and opt out of marketing when possible.

What if I need to pause or change my plan?

MVNOs often let you change data tiers monthly from your dashboard. Some carriers allow seasonal downgrades or plan switches without fees. If you plan to be abroad for a while, check whether a suspension option exists or consider porting to a low-cost tier to keep your number.

Any tips to keep costs down?

Audit your usage after the first month and right-size your data plan, use Wi-Fi at home and work, enable data-saver modes in apps, and consider MVNOs with rollover so unused data isn’t wasted. If multiple people in your household need service, price out multi-line or shared-data options.

What emergencies and short codes should I know?

Japan’s emergency numbers are 110 (police) and 119 (fire/ambulance). Calls to these numbers connect without charge on voice-enabled SIMs. Keep your phone unlocked and ensure you have a minimal voice capability if you prefer traditional calling in emergencies; otherwise, know nearby Wi-Fi hotspots for app-based calling.

Bottom line: how do I choose confidently?

If you value in-store service, top performance at rush hour, and nationwide reliability, start with a major carrier or its budget sub-brand. If savings matter most and you’re comfortable with online self-service, pick an MVNO that supports eSIM, data rollover, and easy plan changes. Confirm device compatibility, payment method, and any cancellation terms before you commit—and reassess after your first month to fine-tune costs and features.

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